Free Will vs Determinism in A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony...

In Anthony Burgess’ 1962 dystopian novella, A Clockwork Orange, teenage gangs and hoodlums run rampid in a futuristic society, inflicting mayhem and brutality among its totalitarian governed state. Alex, our protagonist/anti-hero, is among the most infamous in this violent youth culture. A psychotic, yet devilishly intelligent boy of fifteen, our â€Å"humble narrator† beats up on old folk, rapes underaged girls, pillages, and leads his group of â€Å"droogs† (friends) on a chaotic path of â€Å"ultra-violence.† With this society of citizens completely oblivious to the acts of such culture, the government offers to step in with a solution. After being jailed for the most heinous crime of murder, Alex volunteers for a procedure - offered by the government†¦show more content†¦In turn, he uses this justification to senselessly beat a man up for simply not liking him. This could be supported by a quote from an article about the study of free will vs determinism, which states, â€Å"freedom to choose fits comfortably with the assumption that people deserve what they get† (Carey 133). Alex could agree that someone of his own violent nature deserves this moment, or that the man deserved the beating. However, in a critical essay by Rubin Rabinovitz, it is argued that this expression of â€Å"do what you want† attitude is just as mechanically determined. By dictating a lifestyle based around this preconceived mentality, Alex is already subjecting himself to a controlled fate by following this youth culture (Rabinovitz). â€Å"What’s it going to be then,† starts the 2nd part of the novella, focussing on Alex’s incarceration and eventual treatment (77). Here, he is given a choice to remain the same and rot in prison, or find a way to change himself to ensure his freedom. The irony in this decision is when he opts to the latter option, Alex is - unknowingly - surrendering his freedom for an even grea ter state of determinism. Enter the Ludovico Treatment - a process which forces Alex to view a series of films while strapped down, eyelids peeled open, as he’s given a special sedative. The films, consisting of violent

Film Critique Paper and the Band Played on - 1627 Words

Film Critique Paper And the Band Played On The movie is about the first couple years of AIDS, mostly in the United States. It tells the political as well as the scientific struggle that occurred with the discovery of AIDS. The main character Dr. Don Francis heads the research of AIDS with little money and little help. This was because AIDS was considered the â€Å"gay man’s disease† and there was more emphasis on who discovered the disease than actually helping those who had it. Basically, the movie was about the government and many other individuals being ignorant and looking the other way because homosexual males were seen as a lesser priority and group. As to the question of what long-term effect did prejudice and†¦show more content†¦I saw this when Dr. Francis asks how many hemophiliacs does the committee need to die before it becomes cost efficient for them to do something about it. He asks when will it be more profitable for them to save people then it is to kill them. This showed me that l ives are not valued as equal, especially homosexual one. I just do not know how this becomes to be, particularly by the government which is not supposed to be prejudice. If the same situation had arisen and effected anyone other than the gay community, I believe that the situation would have been handled differently. The movie also showed how individuals put themselves before others, especially those who should not. In the movie, Dr. Gallo pulls all support from Dr. Francis including re-agents and antibodies to the virus. Dr. Gallo puts him and his reputation before all the others that had and could get the virus. To him, the virus was an opportunity to further his name and reputation in the scientific community. Dr. Gallo chose to play god when he decided to pull the resources from Dr. Francis. He could have saved countless of others but he wasted precious time to find out more about the virus and make people aware. As for him, I think no punishment would be too severe in justif ication of his actions. Overall, the actions of the government and from individuals like Dr. Gallo resulted in the gay community to suffer greatly. Not only did AIDS effect themShow MoreRelatedTelevision Genre And Style Of Mockumentaries Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesof decades. This paper will attempt to discover the answers to three main questions regarding the television genre and style of mockumentaries. Firstly, the definition of a mockumentary and a general understanding of the stylistic similarities must be examined before the history of the mockumentary is to be explored. Next, the historical background will be considered as well as the cultural significance and impact of the shows that emulated this mockumentary style. 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Generational Accounting Theory and Application Business Method

Question: Discuss about the Generational Accounting for Theory and Application Business Method. Answer: Introduction The specified study serves scientific research and/ or expounds the traits of positive scientific research. Additionally, this study brings into line with the research in accounting. Moreover, this study puts spotlight on accounting, especially on the description of key intents of the behavior of human, because the purpose of the human behavior is to escort to base of major situations about accounting (Deegan 2013). The article that has been discussed here in detail is Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. On the basis of detailed study, it can be said that this specified article puts light on conversation regarding hypotheses of both epistemology and ontology. In addition to this, the provided article also puts importance on these hypotheses as these are required for executing scientific research. Additionally, the viability elements of the study have also been discussed in detail that are based on these. The particular portion of the article puts more focus on the concept s and theories of positive accounting during the occurrence of defensive actions. Additionally, in certain cases, the accounting theories and concepts control as sounded by personality and infrequently oversee in future. As a result, this research study puts spotlight on succession level as well as on logics and from detailed study it is performed through aid of various processes of information collection, these involve quantitative and qualitative processes (Freeman et al. 2014). Summary of the Provided Article In this research work, the given article that is Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research has been analyzed specifically and has explained all the theories regarding auditing. Thus, this helps in providing relatively advanced work. Therefore, in other words, it can be said that the intent of this particular study is to put spotlight on the process of measuring the shortages in the research practices, particularly in the case of Popper Prescriptions (Bonin 2013). From the detailed study of the provided article Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research, both the merits and demerits of the implementation of the positive accounting theories and concepts in the research process has been highlighted. The advantages of studying this particular article are as follows: Firstly, it has been noted that this provided article helps in summing up the consequences of the qualitative researchers. It also helps in using associated theories along with it related concepts regarding positive accounting in the process of research. Thus, the study of the specified article assists in explaining the accounting theories and concepts (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014). Secondly, for examining every goal of this research study, different hypotheses have been considered here. Thus, this study involves the theories of literature review; especially those are associated with the observed outcomes (Lukka and Pihlanto 2014). From this, it can be said that it aligns with the researches in the accounting field. Thirdly, the achievement of this study supports the concepts and theories of positive accounting. Particularly, this association with the concepts of accounting occurs exactly after the equipped objects that have been realized with an aim to create relatively low value standards (Biondi and Zambon 2013). According to the researcher Kuhn, it has been found that the normal science generally gets involved properly within the crucial ideas regarding the concepts along with it the theories of the positive accounting, particularly after its comparison with the conventional sciences. As a result, the final observation illustrates that the uncomplicated particulars, predominantly during the duration of Kuhnia crisis. In addition to these, the illustration of the theories and concepts of the positive accounting help in the occurrence of the declarations. Fourthly, the concepts and the theories of the positive accounting have been found to be comprised of broader specter. Additionally, this occurs due to the occurrence of the research programs for widening the explanation of the aspects of the human behavior. The positive accounting theories as well as its concepts aid in constructing and also in contrasting or evaluating the incidence and relevance of this concept and the specified study (Raj and Roy 2016). Thus, it can be said that this helps to make summary of all the features of suppositions of epistemology and ontology for the aim of performing programs about investigations. Finally, it can be said that the theories regarding positive accounting deal with the examination of the greater portions, especially which assist in attaining the aptitudes of the scientific studies. In addition, the author Kuhn puts more emphasis on concept of normal sciences. Moreover, the normal sciences usually attach with the study, which is related to the concepts of positive accounting in a proper pattern (Baker and Burlaud 2015). Moreover, from detailed study it has been found that Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research article has various advantages but it also has some constraints. These include: Firstly, in the article it has been noted that the particular authors as well as the researchers have opt for tolerant and persuaded observational fallouts; moreover have mistaken all the proposals precisely. Secondly, for rendering, the suggestions have been provided to give factual actions to any struggle (Quinn 2014). In addition, it is dependent on the existing method, for instance, enticing changes in future. Thirdly, the summarization of Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research article indicates the conversation regarding the Kuhnia crisis and the radical issues. Additionally, it is about notion emancipation of positive accounting theories for earning possible benefits of higher level. There are many cases, where ideas regarding sensible actions can be achieved about confrontation (Bryer 2016). It is dependent on the present scheme in order to put forward any kind of changes in the governing bodies. Fourthly, the general issue regarding recognizable arrangement of speculative models in the procedure intends to slice up the inspection of difficult buoyancy. Moreover, this also trusts on the hypothetical judgments (Glover 2014). Additionally, this assists to understand the lack of interest amount in laughable imitation along with the numerical values. Finally, when new conversation takes place between the private organism and the lesser private in the critical procedure of decision making is counted as a demand. Thus, the process involves the apprehension of an important feature regarding the paucities which occur in the research process of accounting (positive accounting), especially for broadening the scope of projects. Research Questions What are the concepts of positive accounting that are used in the accounting research study? What is the procedure of improvement of information association among different performances of human on the basis of positive accounting theory? What is the effect of description of Kuhn regarding illustration of normal sciences which are associated with the accounting research? From the specified study and analysis, it can be said that all the mentioned questions of research make parallel with the specified research work. As the particular research study is based on various concepts as well as on various theories of positive accounting and different research procedures have been implemented for completing the research work successfully. Additionally, constraints of the particular study along with it the importance of the study have also been discussed here regarding the particular research method and topic. Therefore, it has been identified that the hypotheses of the particular research align with the research paper. The specified article is about various logical concepts and theories of positive accounting, its policies and conception in the procedure of improving information connection between various natures of human and Kuhns description of normal sciences. Hypothetical Framework As stated by Horngren et al. (2012), the research questions generally aid to illustrate the wide-ranging theories and concepts of human nature and behavior and the limitations about its implementation. Moreover, the prevalent areas help to determine the action conditions of people for serving a research that is interpretive. This article primarily puts emphasis on the explanation of theories and concepts that lines up with epistemology, positive issues and ontology. Additionally, it has been found that the researchers aim to supervise the restrictions. The scientific research is mainly performed through help of two types of procedures that are quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Thus, the information and data that are collected by the researchers is coursed under commencement on the basis of certain suppositions. In addition to this, for counting support (logical) and scrutinizing forecasts for new theories, new surveillances are incorporated. According to Popper, on the basis of viewed regularities and verified inspections, the newer theories as well as concepts are prepared. This involves consideration of two newer concepts in one case theory. Thus, falsification is regarded as fatal postulations that are totally dependent on hypothetical suppositions. As a result, these theories are regarded as irregular corridors of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. According to Henderson et al. (2015), there are two main intentions of the researchers and these are generally used for realizing the researchs qualitative process. It includes data collection as it helps to realize the beginning stage. The particular study puts emphasis on regression analysis as this helps to get involved deeply into the pricing strategy of the companys auditor. It has been found that after observation of various pattern of behavior, the data collection is done for the aim to tender bid and also to adopt the strategies that are represented as an important feature for the auditors. Importance and Constrictions of the Article The particular article is composed in a specific style of Popper Logic version and this is regarded as an important aspect. This involves the measurement as well as the assessment of the mathematical values as it implies inappropriateness as well as certainty of concepts from the null hypotheses. Thus, transfer prohibition in conventional significance for portal individuality occurs by keeping the value of p stable at 0.00001 (Mohammadi 2015). Replication of important studies is needed due to two main reasons and also for analysis in future where former outcomes are applied. In the article Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research, various aspects have been mentioned that helps to scrutinize all the research questions. This ranges from 1-5% on the basis of mathematical issues. Moreover, the limitations of the study include - shortage of interest in the numerical significance of fetters and thus, face unsatisfactory simulation and acquire lesser security and accept findings of study. Others are - unofficial creation of imaginary models for revising the unfounded reliance test. On its basis, main enhancement is desired for putting the scale for analysis in future. Depending on ad hoc, the features are considered and this involves achievement of quantitative models. It needs marvelous facet of notions after the estimation of this with re-discovery of the quantity. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the particular journal article Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research scrutinizes every factor, which are associated with the suppositions of ontology and epistemology. Nonetheless, the theories of accounting policies have been understood and this has been utilized in order to operate the programs of research. The particular segment illustrates the procedure of incorporation of significant and suitable model of theories in order to inspect the susceptible and highly specified discernments in detail. It requires implementation of contemporary techniques of measurement in order to scrutinize the theoretical models. Additionally, the selection procedure of relatable useful types extends linear attachment among the design that is regarded as an important factor. References Baker, C.R. and Burlaud, A., 2015. The historical evolution from accounting theory to conceptual framework in financial standards setting.The CPA Journal,85(8), p.54. Biondi, Y. and Zambon, S. eds., 2013.Accounting and business economics: Insights from national traditions. Routledge. Bonin, H., 2013.Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Bryer, R., 2016. Linking Pacioli's double-entry bookkeeping, algebra, and art: accounting history or idle speculation?.Accounting History Review,26(1), pp.33-40. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Freeman, R.J., Shoulders, C.D., Allison, G.S., Smith Jr, G.R. and Becker, C.J., 2014. Governmental and nonprofit accounting: theory and practice.JPAEJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS EDUCATION VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3, p.441. Gaffikin, M. and Aitken, M., 2014.The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Glover, J., 2014. Have Academic Accountants and Financial Accounting Standard Setters Traded Places?.Accounting, Economics and Law Account. Econ. Law,4(1), pp.17-26. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, S., Best, P., Fraser, D. and Tan, R., 2012.Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lukka, K. and Pihlanto, P., 2014. The developer of Finnish accounting theory.Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting), p.60. Mohammadi, S., 2015. Full development of the theory of accounting and auditing.International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies,3(1), pp.7-9. Quinn Jr, E., 2014. The Evolution of Accounting Theory in Response to Market Changes.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(10), p.509. Raj, S.K. and Roy, S., 2016. Accounting Theory: An Ethical Perspective of Real Life Scenarios.International Journal of Business and Social Research,6(10), pp.47-55.

Walter Lippman Essay Example For Students

Walter Lippman Essay This research among other objectives seeks to establish whether it is possible to have a non-partisan public press that gives equal opportunity to different voices to air their views thereby eliciting numerous facets or views of the same story. Clearly the problem in Africa has been that of a partisan, usually government media, fanning the fire in conflicts to a point where one of the sides thinks it has no choice but to reply by starting a fight. As the fighting rages on, more fuel is poured on the political fire by a partisan press, resulting in a full-scale war. In 1999, Walter Lippman enunciated his belief that the presentation of truthful news lies at the heart of democracy. But he said, there are difficulties .. they are that there is a problem of the news which is of absolutely basic importance to the survival of popular government, and that the importance of that problem is not vividly realized nor sufficiently considered. Lippman (1920: 14) Although more than eight decades have passed since Mr Lippman penned his appraisal, the problems of news communication in a democratic society are still with us. The following study stems from the authors conviction that opinion and policy making remain significant, inter related processes within any political system. A democracy based on criteria of popular control and consultation, poses its particular ticklish questions of the manner and means by which political ideas, opinions and issues are transmitted throughout the body politic. In most countries, communication is carried on primarily through the news media. News people and their sources of news interact to form a set of relationships crucial in the linkage of citizen and official. We will write a custom essay on Walter Lippman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The significant information on which a citizen in a democracy must base his political actions is most often chaneled, in some form, through the written or spoken press or in more placid periods this activity is generally taken for granted. Few citizens, for example, are normally sensitive to the function served by the media or mediated information in the politics of their democracy. Although we may accept in principle, Jeffersons maxim that No government ought to be without censors and where the press is free, no one ever will. People seldom concern themselves with weather the media can and does perform this critical role. But in times of so-called national importance such as an election the citizens seek out the aid of the columnist, and the commentator by reading beyond the headlines and eagerly twisting the dial. PSB that may be distinguished from the state controlled broadcasters that still exist in many countries, can help to maintain diversity in light of these developments and play an important role in fulfilling the publics right to know. Freedom of expression, as guaranteed by Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, includes the right not only to seek and impart knowledge and ideas but also the right to receive them. This has been held to require states to take positive measures to ensure the existence of an environment, in which a pluralistic media can flourish, providing information from a wide variety of sources to citizens. An independent, adequately funded and accountable PSB is a crucial component of that environment. True to Lippman`s word, the presentation of truthful news is a touchstone of all human rights and it is most important for information societies, in which citizens receive most of their information by the mass media and in which their attitudes are dominantly shaped by the mass media. The ability of television news to influence public opinion to any significant extent was probably not fully recognised until the mid 1990`s, after the broadcasters had demonstrated that the new communications technology combined with a willingness among some services to co-operate regularly in the exchange of new material could make pictures of any important event available beyond national boundaries within hours. Over the years world audiences shared the J. .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 , .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .postImageUrl , .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 , .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:hover , .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:visited , .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:active { border:0!important; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:active , .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8 .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3833d25a41e1b6de3164ce9b30c508a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History abut culinary arts EssayF. Kennedy assassination, student riots, Watergate, terrorism and various wars including Vietnam and the Middle East and nothing could be the same again. Yorke (2002: 2) argues: .. by the 1980`s, anyone who remained skeptical about the power of television news to move the public opinion must have had all doubts swept aside by the astonishing spontaneous responses to the appearance in October 1984 of harrowing pictures of famine in Ethiopia. The impetus for the creation of the Band Aid Relief Fund and all that has followed in an attempt to alleviate the suffering of millions can be attributed directly to the reports seen on the news bulletins on an established four hundred plus broadcasting organisations. The same pool of material from television news influenced opinion about what was happening in the late 1990`s in Rwanda, Kosovo and Indonesia. Todays news programming has become an accepted part of the culture of every society which embraces television. Those who report and present the news are famous enough to be caricatured. Their faces adorn magazine front pages. Their on screen performances and salaries they earn for them, are the subject of endless discussion and speculation. How they leave their private life, what they wear, what they do and what they say, especially if it is controversial in the slightest, are followed with almost indeceit interest by the press and the public. The popularity of broadcast journalism as a career remains undiminished despite the growth of Internet services and online news. Almost every halfway literate, youngster, it seems, wants to be in the media. Television news has become a respectable subject for serious academic study, especially by sociologists postulating theories about the role and motivation of the practitioners and the influence they bring to bear on agenda setting what stories they choose to cover and then how they process them. Every so often an aggrieved public figure will complain angrily about the stories got up by the media or the concentration on personalities rather than issues. In Zimbabwe the growing trend amongst aggrieved politicians is to cry out loud for being misquoted. The suspicion exists that the establishment no matter what party holds power, or who runs the church, the judiciary or the military or industrial complex dictates what and how television reports. But there is probably greater genuine surprise that television journalists do not see it as their first duty to protect society from the unpalatable, the outwardly reasonable view being that the world would be a better place if items about civil disturbance and similarly distasteful events were simply not shown. It is important to note at the outset that in many countries television is controlled or funded by governments. It is not difficult to appreciate that many news services are able to produce little except what is officially sanctioned. In addition, foreign camera crews and reporters cannot fly in with their equipment to anywhere they please and expect to start work. Some countries simply refuse to allow them entry visas to get in, others may take months and when the permission is finally granted the presence of minders may be so inhibiting that the reports that are made may be no more informative than those old-fashioned cinema travelogues. There is always the danger that an organisation funded by the government and directed by the elite is likely to favour the government line. That (in) famously, is what happened in the 1926 General Strike, when the first Director General of the BBC, Lord Reith, argued that the BBC was the peoples service and the government was the peoples choice, so it followed that the BBC supported the government. (http://www. cultsock. ndirect. co. uk9/21/2003).